TOKYO — Japan has revised its defense equipment export regulations to allow broader overseas sales, according to the government, as it moves to strengthen security cooperation with partner countries and support its domestic defense industry.
The changes, approved by the Cabinet and the National Security Council, represent a notable shift in policy for Japan, which has long maintained strict limits on arms exports under its postwar Constitution and “peace-oriented” defense stance.
The government, led by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, said the adjustments are intended to respond to an increasingly complex global security environment and to enhance cooperation with allied nations. In a statement shared on social media, Takaichi noted the importance of mutual support among partner countries in maintaining security and defense readiness.
The revised guidelines remove previous restrictions that limited exports to five non-combat categories: rescue, transport, warning, surveillance, and minesweeping. While exports to countries engaged in active conflicts remain generally prohibited, exceptions may be permitted in special circumstances tied to Japan’s security interests and international security cooperation.
Chief Cabinet Secretary Minoru Kihara stated that Japan will continue to adhere to its long-standing principles as a peace-oriented nation while updating its defense policy framework. The government is also reviewing broader national security documents that outline strategic priorities, including defense spending and capability upgrades for the coming decade.
Under the new system, defense equipment will be classified as either “weapons” or “non-weapons” depending on their capabilities. Non-weapon systems, such as radar and surveillance technologies, will face fewer restrictions, while weapons such as missiles and naval vessels will be subject to stricter export conditions.
Exports of weapons will be limited to countries that have established defense-related information security agreements with Japan. The country currently maintains such agreements with 17 nations, including the United States and the United Kingdom.
The updated framework also changes the oversight process, with parliamentary notification occurring after government approval of exports. Some opposition lawmakers have expressed concern over the timing of legislative involvement, arguing that greater parliamentary oversight may be needed in future cases.
The National Security Council will be responsible for reviewing and approving export decisions. Certain high-profile projects, including a next-generation fighter jet being developed with the United Kingdom and Italy, will require Cabinet-level approval.
The government also plans to strengthen monitoring systems for exported defense equipment by deploying officials to recipient countries to conduct periodic inspections and ensure proper usage and management.
The policy revisions were discussed at a National Security Council meeting attended by senior government officials, including the Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, and Defense Minister.
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