The Global Interagency Security Forum (GISF) has released a new research article that sheds light on the distinct security challenges encountered in urban humanitarian efforts. This publication comes at a time when urbanization is increasing globally, and humanitarian operations are becoming more frequent in densely populated areas. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding the specific aspects of security risk management (SRM) in urban settings due to their unique characteristics. One of the primary issues highlighted is the difficulty in providing humanitarian aid in urban environments, where security concerns can limit access to groups in need, often clustered by certain characteristics.
The article offers a comprehensive analysis of the operational challenges faced by humanitarian organizations in urban areas. These challenges include dealing with high population densities, diverse demographic groups, prevalent urban violence and crime, and intense political activities. These factors have significant implications for SRM in such settings. A key finding of the study is the complexity involved in negotiating humanitarian access in urban areas, which are often marked by rapidly changing territories and control. Additionally, the process involves engaging with multiple stakeholders, adding to its complexity. Another critical point raised in the article is the balance between ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ SRM approaches in urban environments.
Due to the complex social dynamics, there is a trend towards prioritizing ‘hard’ SRM measures. This shift, however, may reduce the effectiveness of ‘soft’, acceptance-based approaches traditionally used in humanitarian work. The GISF suggests several recommendations to address these challenges. These include enhancing dialogue within the sector on urban SRM strategies, promoting collaboration on urban security issues, and adapting acceptance approaches to address the specific challenges of urban settings. The research findings are based on an extensive desk review, supplemented by interviews with SRM experts and practitioners. These interviews were conducted to validate and expand upon the findings presented in the article, providing a well-rounded view of the current state of urban SRM in humanitarian contexts.