The research community is increasingly focusing on understanding the vital role of system transitions in the context of sustainable development. This focus is underpinned by the recognition that sustainable development requires balancing present needs without compromising future well-being. Political complexities often characterize efforts to address these challenges. Research contributes significantly to this area by shedding light on current developmental paths and identifying interventions that can steer these paths towards sustainability.
Sustainability science, a field that examines the long-term interactions between nature and society, acknowledges the necessity of restructuring current consumption-production systems to foster sustainability transitions. It has been increasingly clear that most present-day systems are not aligned with sustainable development goals. However, the field has faced challenges in developing comprehensive strategies for facilitating necessary transitions.
Parallel to the growth of sustainability science, the early 2000s saw the emergence of a vibrant academic community focused on socio-technical system transitions. This interdisciplinary field draws from various disciplines, including innovation studies, history of technology, sociology, and political science. It aims to understand the long-term development of consumption-production systems and integrate environmental concerns into these studies.
This Special Feature aims to bridge the gap between sustainability science and transition research. It views transitions as significant, long-term changes in the structure, function, and objectives of consumption-production systems. These transitions encompass technological, market, and cultural shifts, as well as changes in policies, institutions, and power structures. The understanding of these transitions is context-dependent and rooted in specific systems such as energy, food, and mobility, as well as emergent cross-cutting topics.
Key themes of this Special Feature include:
- The importance of multilevel interactions in understanding sustainability transitions, particularly through the lens of the multilevel perspective (MLP). This approach considers the interplay between innovations in niche areas and the dominant systems, influenced by broader landscape developments like macroeconomic and geopolitical factors.
- The role of innovation in reconfiguring consumption-production systems for sustainable outcomes. Innovations vary in their potential to transform systems, with some focusing on technical component substitution while others aim for deeper system reconfigurations.
- The need for a nuanced analysis of change processes, addressing both the patterns of change and the underlying causal mechanisms. This analysis is crucial for understanding the coevolutionary interactions among various actors and institutions that can drive sustainability transitions.
- Strategies to accelerate and direct transition processes toward sustainability, acknowledging that historical transitions have often been slow and that there is an urgent need to expedite and guide these transitions given current environmental challenges.
The Special Feature includes papers that examine innovations and developments in key consumption-production systems (electricity, mobility, and food) and cross-cutting issues. These papers provide insights into the dynamics of change, the role of governance, the interplay between technology and politics, and the importance of policy and institutional factors in guiding transitions towards sustainability.
In summary, the papers in this Special Feature offer a comprehensive view of the complexities and prospects of sustainability transitions, highlighting the importance of multilevel interactions, innovation, and the need for a deeper understanding of change processes in driving sustainable development.