The United States has introduced new export controls targeting chips used in artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce the risk of advanced technology reaching adversaries with military applications. The new measures aim to limit access to AI-related chips by certain nations, including China, while allowing 20 close allies and partners to receive these technologies without restrictions.
The new export control regime, unveiled by the Biden administration, implements a three-tier licensing system for chips that power AI data centers. The top tier includes countries such as those in the G7, along with Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, the Netherlands, and Ireland, which will face no restrictions. A middle tier, consisting of over 100 countries, will require licensing for export volumes above specific limits. The third tier includes countries like China, Iran, Russia, and North Korea, to which US companies will generally be prohibited from exporting these chips.
This move has faced significant pushback, particularly from the US semiconductor industry, which argues that the new controls could stifle innovation and harm global competitiveness. The European Union also expressed concerns, with officials questioning why certain EU member states were included in the restricted group.
Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo defended the policy, stating it was designed to protect national security without hindering US technological leadership. However, critics, including some industry leaders, argue that the controls could limit America’s position in the global semiconductor and AI markets. Nvidia, a leading chip manufacturer, stated that the new rules could weaken US competitiveness without enhancing national security.
Some experts, however, have supported the new regime, calling it a necessary step to address potential security risks posed by unchecked technology exports. They argue that the controls are aimed at preventing adversarial nations from gaining a technological edge in areas such as AI and military development.
The new export controls are expected to have a broad impact on the global supply chain for AI chips, with many calling for further discussion on how to balance security concerns with innovation and industry collaboration.
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