The global COVID-19 pandemic has notably brought supply chains and logistics into the spotlight in international business. Initial challenges such as shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), disruptions due to factory and port shutdowns, congested ports, labor shortages, and space limitations in warehouses have significantly impacted global trade, affecting production, distribution, and pricing.
Amid these operational challenges, the focus on supply chain sustainability has gained prominence. This involves integrating environmentally and financially viable practices throughout the supply chain lifecycle, often referred to as “green” supply chain management. These practices extend from reactive environmental management to proactive strategies encompassing reduction, reuse, recycling, and other similar approaches.
Green supply chain practices aim to reduce carbon emissions and waste while maintaining profitability. Examples include switching to sustainable materials, reusing waste, minimizing packaging, redesigning processes, and optimizing transportation. Companies have realized that environmental initiatives can also lead to financial benefits. For instance, General Motors implemented a reusable container program, saving costs while contributing to environmental goals.
Key factors influencing green supply chain management (GSCM) include leadership commitment, technology, brand image, company culture, cost, and knowledge.
In North America, the transition from globalization to regionalization, coupled with increasing focus on sustainability by governments and companies, has brought green supply chains into the limelight.
United States: Progress and Challenges in Green Supply Chain Management
In the United States, public environmental awareness and activist pressure are driving organizations to adopt green practices. Despite this growing consciousness, the implementation of sustainable practices in supply chains faces challenges. The 2021 State of Supply Chain Sustainability report by MIT and CSCMP indicated that in 2020, about 59 percent of companies invested in green supply chain practices.
Major industry players are advancing in sustainable supply chain management. The “Global Supply Chain Top 25” report by Gartner, which incorporates Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) initiatives into company evaluations, identified 19 out of 25 top companies achieving high ESG scores. These include Cisco Systems, Schneider Electric, PepsiCo, and Intel. Cisco, for example, enforces a Supplier Code of Conduct demanding transparency in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impact, and collaborates with initiatives like the Responsible Minerals Initiative to promote ethical sourcing.
The trends, policies, and future outlook of green supply chains in North America highlight ongoing progress and the challenges that remain in the region, including the United States, Mexico, and Canada. This analysis seeks to provide an informative overview of these developments within the North American context.