Egypt’s economic situation has become increasingly challenging, as reflected in the recent actions by ratings agency Moody’s and the country’s financial institutions. Moody’s downgraded Egypt’s credit rating to “Caa1” from “B3”, indicating a deeper move into junk territory. This downgrade, which points to worsening debt affordability, has led to a decline in the value of Egypt’s sovereign dollar bonds, with most trading at their lowest since May.
The country is grappling with a severe economic crisis characterized by record inflation, high government debt, and a significantly devalued currency. Over the past year, the Egyptian pound has been devalued to half its previous value against the dollar, contributing to economic instability.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) Director Kristalina Georgieva expressed concerns about Egypt’s financial health, suggesting that the nation could continue to lose reserves unless it devalues its currency again. Georgieva also mentioned ongoing discussions with Egypt, anticipating more systematic collaboration between the IMF and the Egyptian government in the coming weeks.
Egypt approaches presidential elections scheduled for December 10-12, the economic backdrop adds complexity to the political landscape. President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, in power since 2014, is expected to face minimal opposition in his bid for re-election.
In response to the economic challenges, at least two Egyptian banks have suspended the use of Egyptian pound debit cards for international transactions. This move aims to curb the drain on foreign currency reserves. Customers of Arab African International Bank and Arab International Bank were notified of the suspension, which was confirmed by bank representatives.
The suspension is a reaction to the foreign exchange shortage, with many using their debit cards for bulk purchases of gold, mobile phones, and other goods abroad to capitalize on the lower official exchange rate of the Egyptian pound. With the official rate at about 31 pounds to the dollar, compared to around 40 pounds on the black market, there has been a significant incentive for such transactions.
This situation has led to practices such as sending debit cards abroad for purchases without the cardholder leaving Egypt. Banks are also tightening restrictions on the purchase of foreign currency within Egypt and the amounts charged to credit cards while abroad.
The economic challenges facing Egypt are multifaceted, involving currency devaluation, debt concerns, and inflationary pressures, all of which are impacting the nation’s financial stability and international credit standing.
